In real life, plasmids are small loops of DNA found within bacteria, existing independently of the core bacterial chromosome and containing far fewer genes. In fact, the latest scientific literature suggests that human genetic modification through real-life plasmids may be possible in the near future. The upcoming BioShock Infinite downloadable content, titled Burial at Sea Episode Two, will offer players a chance to return to Rapture during the heyday of heavy plasmid use, and it will likely re-captivate many players with the fanciful idea of externally administered genetic “power-ups.” But the ideas behind this scenario aren’t entirely confined to the realm of science fiction. Rapture's libertarian founding philosophies, however, led to the development of a range of super power-granting “plasmids.” With the right plasmids and enough ADAM, players and citizens alike could wield lightning, fire, and ice through their fingertips, use telekinesis and hypnosis, and even turn invisible. The ADAM serum-a stem-cell-rich excretion of a previously undocumented sea slug-had the uncanny ability to replace or regenerate human cells and tissues.įurther Reading A different kind of Rapture: a review of BioshockĪbove sea level, the discovery of a panacea such as ADAM could have ushered in a new era of medical wonderment.
The absence of ethical, legal, and sociological barriers within Rapture, combined with the discovery of the infamous genetic manipulator ADAM, resulted in the premature birth and prolific advancement of molecular genetics.
PARASITE IN CITY GAME WALKTHROUGH FREE
Free from the “oppressions” of politics, religion, and society, the citizens of Rapture could indulge in their artistic, scientific, and commercial pursuits. Founded on the objectivist philosophies of entrepreneur Andrew Ryan, the city was intended as a haven for the world's greatest free-thinking minds. These are the words that greeted players to the underwater city of Rapture in the 2007 video game BioShock.
But neither man (nor their then-uncredited co-discoverers Rosalind Franklin and Raymond Gosling) could have envisioned how their work would permeate into every facet of modern society, including pop culture. The publication of their research paper Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid in the scientific journal Nature marked the end of a heated race to find the molecular structure of DNA, marking the dawn of molecular genetics. In 1953, molecular biologists James Watson and Francis Crick released what would be one of the most groundbreaking scientific discoveries of the modern age.
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